Media Theorist Jonathan Kramer says "the idea that postmodernism is less a surface style or historical period than an attitude. Kramer goes on to say 16"characteristics of postmodern music, by which I mean music that is understood in a postmodern manner, or that calls forth postmodern listening strategies, or that provides postmodern listening experiences, or that exhibits postmodern compositional practices."
According to Kramer (Kramer 2002, 16–17), postmodern music":
1. is not simply a repudiation of modernism or its continuation, but has aspects of both a break and an extension
2. is, on some level and in some way, ironic
3. does not respect boundaries between sonorities and procedures of the past and of the present
4. challenges barriers between 'high' and 'low' styles
5. shows disdain for the often unquestioned value of structural unity
6. questions the mutual exclusivity of elitist and populist values
7. avoids totalizing forms (e.g., does not want entire pieces to be tonal or serial or cast in a prescribed formal mold)
8. considers music not as autonomous but as relevant to cultural, social, and political contexts
9. includes quotations of or references to music of many traditions and cultures
10. considers technology not only as a way to preserve and transmit music but also as deeply implicated in the production and essence of music
11. embraces contradictions
12. distrusts binary oppositions
13. includes fragmentations and discontinuities
14. encompasses pluralism and eclecticism
15. presents multiple meanings and multiple temporalities
16. locates meaning and even structure in listeners, more than in scores, performances, or composers
Destinys Child - Get On The Bus could be consider postmodern. The song features rapper/producer Timbaland and is lifted from the original motion picture soundtrack of Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998). As with other Timbaland productions, the single features some unorthodox parts, including the sounds of birds (a similar technique was used in Aaliyah's "Are You That Somebody?")
I have considered how each Kramers ideas could be applied to this song.The fact that the genre is RnB but natural sounds of birds and monkeys can be heard in the background could mean it avoids totalizing forms.
Aaliyah's "Are You That Somebody?" also by Timberland used the same idea in which the sound of a baby gurggling can be heard.
Stockhausen Helicopter String Quartet. This was wrote specifically to fit with noise of helicopters. The sound of the wind is incoperated and recorded.
Alvin Lucier I Am Sitting In A Room.
Showing posts with label Theorists. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Theorists. Show all posts
Thursday, 4 March 2010
Friday, 20 November 2009
The Male Gaze
The Male Gaze was a theory proposed by Laura Mulvey in the 1970s. It refers to how an audience will look at images of people within a media text.
It can be described as feminist, reference to the voyeuristic way in which men look at women.
Johnathan Scroeder 1998 - " To gaze implies more than to look at, it signifies psychological realtionship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of gaze."
This theory could be criticized for failure to take into account for female spectators, and only focuses on hetrosexual people, not homosexual.
The Male Gaze could fit into our advert because our adverts are aimed to be seductive to make the audience want to buy it, men could watch the female advert and buy the product hoping their wife will wear the fragrance and look like the character, or may watch the male advert and inspire to be like him. Vice versa for the female watching the advert.
It can be described as feminist, reference to the voyeuristic way in which men look at women.
Johnathan Scroeder 1998 - " To gaze implies more than to look at, it signifies psychological realtionship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of gaze."
This theory could be criticized for failure to take into account for female spectators, and only focuses on hetrosexual people, not homosexual.
The Male Gaze could fit into our advert because our adverts are aimed to be seductive to make the audience want to buy it, men could watch the female advert and buy the product hoping their wife will wear the fragrance and look like the character, or may watch the male advert and inspire to be like him. Vice versa for the female watching the advert.
Wednesday, 14 October 2009
Trevor Millum
Trevor Millum studied women magazine adverts, and distinguished these forms of attention:
> attention directed towards other people
> attention directed to an object
> attention directed to oneself
> attention directed to reader/ camera
> attention directed into middle distance, as in a state of reverie
> direction or object of attention not discernable (cant make it out).
Relationships between those depicted:
> reciprocal attention- directed at each other
> divergent attention- directed at different things
> object-oriented attention- both looking at the same thing
> semi-reciprocal attention- attention of one person is on the other, whose attention is elsewhere.
> attention directed towards other people
> attention directed to an object
> attention directed to oneself
> attention directed to reader/ camera
> attention directed into middle distance, as in a state of reverie
> direction or object of attention not discernable (cant make it out).
Relationships between those depicted:
> reciprocal attention- directed at each other
> divergent attention- directed at different things
> object-oriented attention- both looking at the same thing
> semi-reciprocal attention- attention of one person is on the other, whose attention is elsewhere.
Friday, 9 October 2009
Young & Rubicam
Dr Maslow was studyed monkeys (1969) He found that monkeys always made sure they weren't thirsty before they looked for shelter and always made sure they found shelter before finding a companion. He then went on to study humans, and he found humans acted the same was as monkeys, for example humans wouldnt worry about love until they felt secure.
What became of this was, Dr Maslows hierachy of needs.
Young and Rubican researched on where people stood in the differernt catogories.
The hierachy of needs accepted that people from different cuntries were influenced by their culural background. They therefore named it the Cross Cultural Consumer Characterisation. (4Cs) for short. This puts people into one of 7 groups, depending on their motivation:
The Explorer is driven by a need for something new. Often the first to try out new ideas and experiences. Their core need for live is discovery.
The Aspirer is driven by other people's perception rather than their own opinion. This could be what other think of their appearence, fashion and personality. Their core need for life is status.
The Succeeder has self confidence and are organised. They feel they deserve the best reward given. They have an aggressive attitude to life and need to sometimes relax. Their core need for life is control.
The Reformer has independent judgement. They are often perceived as being intellectual and pride themselves on tolerence. Their core need for life is enlightenment.
The Mainstream are the largest group within the 4C's. They are the mainstream of society, in the domestic world. They respond to big established family brands. Their core need for life is security.
The Struggler lives for today and no plans for tomorrow. Often binges on alcohol and junk food. There only chance in life would be if they won the lottery. They seek escape.
The Resigned are mostly the older generation who's values have been built up over time. They act in traditional ways and their aim in life is to survive.
The relevent catogories that link with our advert are the aspirer, explorer and succeeder.
When I took the quiz on www.4cs.yr.com/diys to see what type I was. I got these results:
What became of this was, Dr Maslows hierachy of needs.
Young and Rubican researched on where people stood in the differernt catogories.
The hierachy of needs accepted that people from different cuntries were influenced by their culural background. They therefore named it the Cross Cultural Consumer Characterisation. (4Cs) for short. This puts people into one of 7 groups, depending on their motivation:
The Explorer is driven by a need for something new. Often the first to try out new ideas and experiences. Their core need for live is discovery.
The Aspirer is driven by other people's perception rather than their own opinion. This could be what other think of their appearence, fashion and personality. Their core need for life is status.
The Succeeder has self confidence and are organised. They feel they deserve the best reward given. They have an aggressive attitude to life and need to sometimes relax. Their core need for life is control.
The Reformer has independent judgement. They are often perceived as being intellectual and pride themselves on tolerence. Their core need for life is enlightenment.
The Mainstream are the largest group within the 4C's. They are the mainstream of society, in the domestic world. They respond to big established family brands. Their core need for life is security.
The Struggler lives for today and no plans for tomorrow. Often binges on alcohol and junk food. There only chance in life would be if they won the lottery. They seek escape.
The Resigned are mostly the older generation who's values have been built up over time. They act in traditional ways and their aim in life is to survive.
The relevent catogories that link with our advert are the aspirer, explorer and succeeder.
When I took the quiz on www.4cs.yr.com/diys to see what type I was. I got these results:
Saturday, 19 September 2009
Theorists
In Thursdays lesson with Mrs Hammond we learnt about theorists and how we can appropriately apply them to fit into our advertisments. The main theorists we learnt about were Todorov, Barthes, Propp and Levi- Strauss.
Todorov's work was based on the fact that nearly all stories start with equilibrium, followed by a disruption finished with a new equilibrium.
Barthes talks about narrative codes, these codes are used to keep the audience interested and their attention to the storyline. These codes are:
>Enigma Code - Something in a film that is not explained, and raises a problem within the storyline. This enables the audience to think about what is going on.
>Action code - This is basically any action within a film. Props or dialogue will let the audience know that action is/will happen and keeps them interested.
>Semantic Code - This is how the audience interpret something that has happened or is said. The audience are thinking about the suggested meaning.
>The Cultural Code - This is where a film can relate the storyline to the audience based on their knowledge, for example an opening scene of snow and presents the audience know it is christmas.
Propp from his research on children's stories found that all films have set key character roles. They have:
The Hero
The Villain
The Donor
The Dispatcher
The False hero
The Helper
The Princess
Her Father
Obviously we have to break conventions of this research because we are doing an advert, so cant apply all of the roles to our advert.
Levi-Strauss talked about binary opposites in stories, for example love vs hate, beautiful vs ugly and good vs evil, they could be viewed as moral messages within the storyline. This could mean something will only be defined in relation to something it is not.
Todorov's work was based on the fact that nearly all stories start with equilibrium, followed by a disruption finished with a new equilibrium.
Barthes talks about narrative codes, these codes are used to keep the audience interested and their attention to the storyline. These codes are:
>Enigma Code - Something in a film that is not explained, and raises a problem within the storyline. This enables the audience to think about what is going on.
>Action code - This is basically any action within a film. Props or dialogue will let the audience know that action is/will happen and keeps them interested.
>Semantic Code - This is how the audience interpret something that has happened or is said. The audience are thinking about the suggested meaning.
>The Cultural Code - This is where a film can relate the storyline to the audience based on their knowledge, for example an opening scene of snow and presents the audience know it is christmas.
Propp from his research on children's stories found that all films have set key character roles. They have:
The Hero
The Villain
The Donor
The Dispatcher
The False hero
The Helper
The Princess
Her Father
Obviously we have to break conventions of this research because we are doing an advert, so cant apply all of the roles to our advert.
Levi-Strauss talked about binary opposites in stories, for example love vs hate, beautiful vs ugly and good vs evil, they could be viewed as moral messages within the storyline. This could mean something will only be defined in relation to something it is not.
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